Feline Acne
General information
Other common/scientific names: feline chin acne
Feline acne results from excess scale formation in the hair follicles. In some cases of feline acne, blackheads and whiteheads are present on the cat’s chin and lower lip, but do not seem to bother the cat. In other cases, large pus-filled lesions develop due to secondary bacterial infection. These lesions can be very painful and significant swelling of the chin and lower lip may be seen.
Causes
The cause of feline acne is not known. The bacterial infections that occur are secondary to the primary problem, and not the true underlying cause of the acne. The acne may be worsened by poor grooming habits, underlying allergies, stress, viruses, a suppressed immune system, and other underlying skin disorders.
Infection
It is thought that at least some cases of feline acne are contagious, although no one has yet identified a responsible organism. Cases of feline acne have been reported to spread quickly through catteries, although in other instances only one cat in a multi-cat household will be affected.
Cardinal symptom
Skin lesions on chin
Symptoms
In some cases of feline acne, blackheads or whiteheads on the chin and lower lip are incidentally discovered and do not seem to be causing the cat any problem. Other cats develop large, painful, pus-filled lesions (similar to pimples and boils in humans). Crusts and draining discharge may also be seen on the chin and lip, and significant swelling of the chin and lip may be seen. In some cases the cat is extremely itchy and constantly scratches at their chin.
Diagnosis
A diagnosis of feline acne is usually made by physical examination and ruling out other causes. Skin scrapings, testing for ringworm, slides made from cells in the area, and bacterial cultures may be performed to aid in diagnosis and appropriate treatment. In some severe cases, biopsies of the area may be recommended.
Treatment
When feline acne is not secondarily infected, it is merely a cosmetic problem that does not bother the cat. Unless the owner is concerned about the cat’s appearance, the acne may be left untreated.
When secondarily infected, the choice of treatment will depend on how severe the disease is. Mild lesions may need only clipping of the affected area and treatment with topical shampoos, ointments, creams or gels. More severe cases may require long-term antibiotics, and possibly oral or injectable steroids, as well as clipping and topical treatment. If the cat is scratching at their chin, an Elizabethan collar may need to be worn to prevent further self-trauma while the acne is being treated.
Prognosis
The prognosis for feline acne is good, although in some cases there may be recurring lesions which will require lifelong intermittent or continuous treatment.
Tips
Dirty food/water bowls, as well as plastic or rough food/water bowls, may aggravate some cases of feline acne. Use smooth, stainless steel or ceramic bowls, and be sure to clean them daily!